A1

Personal Pronouns

💡Not sure what Nominativ or Akkusativ means?Word Functions

Explicação

Personal Pronouns (Nominative)

Personal pronouns replace nouns and agree in person and number. In the nominative (subject) case:

PersonSingularPlural
1stich (I)wir (we)
2nddu (you, informal)ihr (you all)
3rd masc.er (he/it)sie (they)
3rd fem.sie (she/it)
3rd neut.es (it)
FormalSie (always capitalised!)

er/sie/es — grammatical gender

The pronoun follows the grammatical gender of the noun, not natural gender:

NounGenderPronounExample
der Tisch (table)masculineerDer Tisch → Er ist groß.
die Lampe (lamp)femininesieDie Lampe → Sie ist neu.
das Kind (child)neuteresDas Kind → Es schläft.

du vs. Sie

du/ihrSie
UseFriends, family, children, peersStrangers, superiors, formal contexts
ExampleWie heißt du?Wie heißen Sie?

Pronouns in other cases

Nominative: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie. Accusative: mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie/Sie. Dative: mir, dir, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, ihnen/Ihnen.

⚠️ Always use es for neuter nouns, even when referring to people: Das Kind — es schläft (not er/sie).

Exemplos

  • Er sieht mich.

    He sees me.

  • Ich helfe dir.

    I help you.

  • Wir danken euch.

    We thank you.

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