A1
💡Not sure what Nominativ or Akkusativ means?Word Functions →Personal Pronouns
Explicação
Personal Pronouns (Nominative)
Personal pronouns replace nouns and agree in person and number. In the nominative (subject) case:
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | ich (I) | wir (we) |
| 2nd | du (you, informal) | ihr (you all) |
| 3rd masc. | er (he/it) | sie (they) |
| 3rd fem. | sie (she/it) | |
| 3rd neut. | es (it) | |
| Formal | Sie (always capitalised!) | |
er/sie/es — grammatical gender
The pronoun follows the grammatical gender of the noun, not natural gender:
| Noun | Gender | Pronoun | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| der Tisch (table) | masculine | er | Der Tisch → Er ist groß. |
| die Lampe (lamp) | feminine | sie | Die Lampe → Sie ist neu. |
| das Kind (child) | neuter | es | Das Kind → Es schläft. |
du vs. Sie
| du/ihr | Sie | |
|---|---|---|
| Use | Friends, family, children, peers | Strangers, superiors, formal contexts |
| Example | Wie heißt du? | Wie heißen Sie? |
Pronouns in other cases
Nominative: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie. Accusative: mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie/Sie. Dative: mir, dir, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, ihnen/Ihnen.
⚠️ Always use es for neuter nouns, even when referring to people: Das Kind — es schläft (not er/sie).
Exemplos
Er sieht mich.
He sees me.
Ich helfe dir.
I help you.
Wir danken euch.
We thank you.
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